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Iraq: Facts & StatsDemographicsPopulation:Population: 31,234,000 inhabitants (2009)Density: 71.2 inhabitants per sq. km The five largest cities are:
Welfare:Iraq, with its socialist economy, pays considerable attention to welfare. This regard for social benefits has been increased by the war. No statistics were available in early 1988 by which to judge the scope of benefits paid by the government to its servicemen and their families.Nonetheless, journalistic reports indicated that martyrs' benefits for the families of war dead, and subsidies for young men who volunteer for service tended to be extremely generous. A family that had lost a son in the fighting could expect to be subsidized for life; in addition, it was likely to receive loans from the state bank on easy terms and gifts of real estate. Education:Primary schools provide a six-year course, at the end of which the student must pass an examination to be admitted to secondary school. The curriculum is based on Western patterns but also includes religious teaching. The language of instruction is Arabic.Secondary schools have a three-year intermediate course, followed by a two-year course in preparation for entrance to college. A national examination must be passed at its end. Secondary education for girls dates from 1929. Traditional Quranic schools are nearly extinct. Education at all levels from primary to higher education is free, and no private schools are permitted to operate. There are seven universities in Iraq, four of them in Baghdad. The University of Baghdad is the most important higher education institution in the country. Other universities include Mosul, al-Mustansiriya, Basra, and as-Sulaymaniyah. In addition to these universities, there are 19 technical institutes throughout Iraq. In 1988, all higher-level institutions had 209,818 pupils and 11,072 instructors. Education in Iraq is under the control of the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Higher Education and Research. Religion:Islam is the national religion of Iraq, adhered to by some 97% of the population according to a 1997 census. About 60–65% of Muslims belong to the Shi'a sect and 32–37% to the Sunni sect. Traditionally, the Shi'a majority has been governed and generally oppressed by members of the Sunni minority, which since the late 1970s has become increasingly concerned about the export of Shi'a militancy from Iran.There are also some syncretic Muslim groups, such as the Yazidis, who consider Satan a fallen angel who will one day be reconciled with God. They propitiate him in their rites and regard the Old and New Testaments, as well as the Koran (Qur'an), as sacred. About 3% of the population is adherents to Christianity and other religions. More than 500,000 of the Christians were Roman Catholic, and nearly all the remainder belonged to various branches of Oriental Christianity. |
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