CULTURE
Traditions:
Iraq has one of the world's oldest cultural histories. Iraq is where the Ancient Mesopotamian civilizations were, whose legacy went on to influence and shape the European and Asian civilizations. Culturally, Iraq has a very rich heritage. The country is known for its poets and its painters and sculptors are among the best in the Arab world, some of them being world-class.
Iraq is known for producing fine handicrafts, including rugs and carpets. The architecture of Iraq is seen in the sprawling metropolis of Baghdad, where the construction is mostly new, with some islands of exquisite old buildings and compounds, and elsewhere in thousands of ancient and modern sites across Iraq.
Unlike many Arab countries, Iraq embraces and celebrates the achievements of its past in pre-Islamic times. What is now Iraq was once the Cradle of Civilization in ancient Mesopotamia and the culture of Sumer where writing and the wheel were invented. In the 8th and 9th centuries, the Islamic Abbasid Caliphs presided over what was then the world's leading civilization, rich in science, art and literature.
Celebrations:
Muslim festivals are timed according to local sightings of various phases of the moon and the dates given above are approximations. During the lunar month of Ramadan that precedes Eid al-Fitr, Muslims fast during the day and feast at night and normal business patterns may be interrupted.
Many restaurants are closed during the day and there may be restrictions on smoking and drinking. Some disruption may continue into Eid al-Fitr itself. Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha may last anything from two to 10 days, depending on the region.
1 Jan New Year's Day.
6 Jan Army Day.
26 Feb Mouloud (Birth of the Prophet Muhammad).
9 Apr Baghdad Liberation Day.
17 Apr FAO Day.
1 May Labor Day.
14 Jul Republic Day.
8 Aug Ceasefire Day (End of Iran-Iraq War).
11 Sep Eid al-Fitr (End of Ramadan).
3 Oct Iraqi Independence Day (National Day).
17 Nov Eid al-Adha (Feast of the Sacrifice).
7 Dec Islamic New Year.
16 Dec Ashura.
Alcohol:
The sale and consumption of alcohol is legal in secular Iraq, even if many Iraqis avoid it for religious reasons.
Sports and Hobbies:
Sport is widespread and popular throughout Iraq. Whilst association football (soccer) is the most popular sport, basketball, volleyball, handball, weight-lifting, wrestling, kick-boxing, martial arts, and track and field athletics are also strong. Sports are not male-centric either, with females participating in a wide range of sports also.
Each sport is governed by a Central Federation at national level, which has representation in each Province as a Branch Federation. Federations are responsible for governing the sport, organizing competition and tournaments at Provincial and National level, and for sending delegations abroad for international competition and training.